A Cell Animation or Celluloid is a transparent sheet on which objects are drawn or painted for traditional, hand-drawn animation. Actual celluloid (consisting of cellulose nitrate andcamphor) was used during the first half of the 20th century, but since it was flammable and dimensionally unstable it was largely replaced by cellulose acetate. With the advent of computer-assisted animation production, the use of cels has been all but abandoned in major productions. Disney studios stopped using cels in 1990 when Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) replaced this element in their animation process. - Wikipedia
How Does it work?
The characters for the animation are drawn on cells and then laid over a static background to prevent the same image needing to be drawn more than once. this is a more effeciient way to complete this animation as different specialized teams can work on different parts.
There are advantages and disadvantage to this animation:
- The advantage is that its more detailed and has a more crisper/cleaner look
- The disadvantage is that it is outdated and time consuming and has been replaced with computers
The credit of the cell animation goes to Earl Hurd and John Bray in 1915.
Two well known examples are displayed below:
Mickey Mouse:
The Jungle Book:
Here is a video showing the process that goes into making a cell animation:
Here is another example:
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